Vol. 2 No. 4 (2026): Al-Farooq Journal of Sciences

Articles

• أثر المحاسبة الإبداعية على مدى ثقة المستخدمين في القوائم المالية: دراسة تطبيقية من وجهة نظر أعضاء هيئة التدريس بقسم المحاسبة في جامعة عمر المختار

  Zobida Mohammed Aref, Aisha Salem Boushdiq, Sana Abdulaziz Abdul Salam (Author)

  1-10

  • PDF (Arabic)

• Operational Carbon Footprint of Municipal Solid Waste Collection and Transport Operations in the City of Sabratha: Estimation of Direct Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Diesel Fuel

  Tariq Abulqasim Rahouma (Author)

  750-760

  • pdf (Arabic)

• Salmonella Infection in Slaughtered Chickens in Libya

  Almabrouk Aboubakr Almaeloul (Author)

  986-1005

  • pdf

• Patient Reception and Registration in Outpatient Clinics, with a Focus on Patient Referrals from Clinics to Hospitals

  Haneen Basheer Mohammed Al-Hamali, Maha Radwan Al-Jadidi, Haitham Mohammed Ahmad (Author)

  1204-1214

  • pdf

• Approximate Analytic Solution of The Fractional Rosenau -Hyman Equation Using Fractional Power Series Method

  G.M.A. Marai, N.A.H.Muktar (Author)

  148-153

  • PDF

• Determination of elements in Marrubium vulgare L and Brassica oleracea L

  Toraia M. Takteek, Saleh A. Ouheda, Sanaa M. Abushhewa (Author)

  340-347

  • pdf

• The Impact of Strategic Planning on Enhancing Marketing Strategy Effectiveness: A Field Study at Al-Marai Al-Khasba Mills and Fodder Company

  Rabab Shukri Ahmed Mahmoud (Author)

  549-572

  • pdf (Arabic)

• Environmental Design as a Pathway to Sustainability in Libyan Schools Based on the Green Building Approach (A Case Study of the City of Derna)

  Randa Attia Hassan Al-Hasadi, Suhail Attia Al-Awami (Author)

  734-749

  • pdf (Arabic)

• Data-Constrained Screening and Simulation Design of Alkali–Surfactant and Alkali–Surfactant–Polymer Flooding in the Bu-Attifel Lower Nubian Sandstone Reservoir

  Ali Soliman Algamody, Hatem Ali H Sallem, Tariq Rajab Alghouj (Author)

  932-946

  • pdf

• Qualitative and Quantitative Detection of Chamazulene in the Essential Oil of Two Chamomile Species Growing in Libya

  Wedad Mohamed Sliman, Mohamed Miftah Salem Ahmed, Zenib M. Zaydi (Author)

  1132-1142

  • pdf

• Characteristic Fuzzy subgroups and Abelian Fuzzy subgroups

  Hawwa Al-Faitouri Mohammed Al-Rassi (Author)

  11-19

  • PDF

• Autosomal Recessive COL6A2-Related Bethlem Myopathy in Two Libyan Siblings: A Case Report

  W. Awushah, B. Sarir (Author)

  310-316

  • pdf

• Analysis of the Mechanical Response of Concrete Using Numerical Simulation with Abaqus Software to Support Engineering Decision-Making for Coastal Structures

  Tariq Khalifa Khalifa Fleifel, Nouri Abdulsalam Ali Omar, Abdelmonem El-Hadi Abdullah Abdullah, Abdulaziz Mohamed Omar Tarnaba, Mohamed Baraka Ali Balloumi (Author)

  431-445

  • pdf (Arabic)

• The Relationship Between Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, and Glycemic Status in Normal Individuals, Prediabetic Patients, and Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study in Libya

  Marwa Ramadan Al-Jahani, Noura Ali Hussein, Hala Ali Al-Taweel (Author)

  649-658

  • pdf (Arabic)

• KWSSWS-IA Approach: An Intelligent Assistant for Scientific PDF Retrieval Using Semantic Analysis and AI-Driven Summarization

  Fakroun, E, Sullabi, M (Author)

  860-868

  • pdf

• A NEW SUBCLASSES OF ANALYTIC FUNCTION

  Afaf Abubakir Alsheli (Author)

  1060-1070

  • pdf

• Investigating Lecturers’ Perceptions and Attitudes towards the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Teaching and Learning: Critical Empirical Evidence and a Case-Study Framework for the Higher Institute of Water Affairs, Ajilat, Libya

  Ezzden Salem, Hassan Embark Salem, Hussein Bashir Salem (Author)

  1226-1232

  • pdf

• Globalization and The Question of Meaning

  Zahra Mohammed Misbah (Author)

  202-216

  • PDF (Arabic)

• The Theoretical Grounding of “Comprehensible Input”: Its Development from Krashen to the Present

  Sara Mansour Alhadi Gdara (Author)

  402-411

  • pdf

• Operational Carbon Footprint of Municipal Solid Waste Collection and Transport Operations in the City of Sabratha: Estimation of Direct Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Diesel Fuel

  Ikhlas Mohammed Al-Mawsham (Author)

  750-760

  • pdf (Arabic)

• Lung Cancer: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, and Treatment An Analytical Reference Study

  Abdulmonam Albhloul Ali Mansor (Author)

  1011-1024

  • pdf

• Digital Transformations and Their Relationship to Family Cohesion Among Contemporary Libyan Families A Descriptive-Correlational Study Based on Data from a Questionnaire Administered to Parents, Including an Assessment of Measurement Quality

  Ilham Al-Ajili Ahmed Al-Jadidi (Author)

  1185-1203

  • pdf (Arabic)

• Effect of Adding Whey on the Chemical Properties and Sensory Qualities of a Loaf of Bread

  Wanis Miftah Wanis Yaqa, Salah Al-Naji Mohammed, Nasr Abdul Razzaq Abdul-Mawla (Author)

  107-113

  • PDF

• Effect of Stratification Timing on Breaking Dormancy and Germination of De-shelled Peach (*Prunus persica*) Seeds

  Farj Ahmaid Ashtiwi (Author)

  348-356

  • pdf (Arabic)

• Effect of Different Irrigation Water Salinity Levels on Vegetative Growth Traits of Barley Hordeum vulgare L. (CV. Rehan).

  Nagma Abdulsalam Saeid AlSayeh (Author)

  573-580

  • pdf (Arabic)

• From Semantic Underdetermination to Contextual Resolution: A Layered Framework for the Semantics–Pragmatics Interface in English

  Bsma Alamouri Alshirwi Said Abu Nawwas (Author)

  712-733

  • pdf

• Changes in Agricultural Land Use and Rangelands Under the Impact of Human Activities in Al-Marj City (Batta – Marj Basin – Jaradas Al-Ahrar)

  علي أحمد حمد العلواني, يعقوب محمد البرعصي, عزالدين محمود الصابر, أحمد محمد أحمد (Author)

  947-959

  • pdf (Arabic)

• Resilient Architecture and the Role of Building Technology in Developing Advanced Structural Systems

  Samia Abdulrahman Abia, Amira Ali Said Hammad (Author)

  1161-1175

  • pdf (Arabic)

• The Reality and Obstacles of Applying Total Quality Management Principles Among Secondary School Principals from the Teachers' Perspective "A field study in Shahat Municipality"

  Najwa Ibrahim Khalil, Hassan Ayad Argia (Author)

  53-76

  • PDF (Arabic)

• Effect of Storage Methods on the Quality and Shelf Life of 'Degla' Variety *Rutab* (Fresh Dates)

  Faraj Al-Mahdi Jibril Ali, Abdulhakim Khalifa Al-Hadi Al-Ar, Badr Salem Al-Fitouri Al-Majdoub, Al-Mukhtar Hassan Issa Al-Bakoush, Mohammed Abdullah Mohammed Salem (Author)

  226-237

  • pdf (Arabic)

• Enhancing Routing, and Data Aggregation in WSNs Using Artificial Intelligence: A Survey

  Adel Elgaber, Basma Ali Slisal (Author)

  509-520

  • pdf

• فعالية برنامج وقائي مزدوج لتصحيح وضعية الرأس الأمامية وتقليل إصابات التوتر العضلي لدى العاملين في المكاتب

  Mohamed Ramadan Abdullah Al-Taher, Nour Al-Din Al-Taher Al-Mabrouk Trumbah, Mohamed Al-Baroni Salem Khbreish (Author)

  619-630

  • pdf (Arabic)

• A GAN-Based Framework for Text Hiding in Audio Files Using Spectral Transform Compression

  Mohamed Mansur, Husayn Alhuwayji, Ahmed Almantsri, Omar Najah (Author)

  901-909

  • pdf

• The Integration of Financial Auditing and Sustainability Assurance: Examining the Impact of Interdependence on Procedural Efficiency — An Empirical Study in the Libyan Context

  Ayman Ibrahim Qwaider (Author)

  1071-1088

  • pdf (Arabic)

• Liquidity Deployment and Income Composition at Libya’s Yaqeen Bank

  Abdulhakam Alderdeer (Author)

  1261-1272

  • PDF (Arabic)

• The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Enhancing EFL Students’ Writing Skills: A Case Study at the Faculty of Arts, Alasmarya Islamic University

  Ahmad Mohamed Omeman, Mohammed Bashir Ismail, Taha Salah Dow (Author)

  238-256

  • pdf

• The evolution of the integration of hybrid technologies to improve intelligent interior design systems: a comprehensive review

  Zakia Ali Elshaafi (Author)

  445-469

  • pdf

• FractureSight-HCI: A Human-Centered Interactive System for AI-Assisted X-ray Fracture Visualization

  Asma Mustafa Alhadi, Fathi A. Hamhoum (Author)

  800-820

  • pdf

• Evaluating the thermal erformance of residential buildings in Tripoli using sustainable design strategies to achieve energy efficiency

  Emad Giuma TA Ahamid, Mohsen Alharari, ISMAIL ALBARKI (Author)

  1006-1010

  • pdf (Arabic)

• UNVEILING THE EFFICIENCY OF CARBONYL SULFIDE CAPTURE BY ORGANIC SOLVENTS: AN ELECTRON CORRELATION STUDY

  Nizar Ramadan, Mahmoud Abduesslam (Author)

  1215-1225

  • pdf

• The impact of the US-China conflict on reshaping the international order

  Kulthoum Al-Bashir Hammad (Author)

  114-147

  • PDF (Arabic)

• NONLINEAR BEHAVIOR OF REINFORCED CONCRETE SHEAR WALLS UNDER COMBINED LOADING: A COMPARATIVE REVIEW OF ACI 318M-25 AND EUROCODE 8 PROVISIONS

  Wasfi Kirallah Albadry, Ali AL-Zwai, Gosn Mohammed Elkofry (Author)

  370-376

  • pdf

• Impact of Mellitah Oil Complex Emissions on Olive Tree Decline in Zuwara and Surrounding Areas: A Laboratory Assessment of Olive Leaves and Field Statistical Study

  الصديق حاجي المنصوري, أكرم عريبي حلب, عبدالسلام محمد عوين, مراد فرحات الفنطازي (Author)

  592-599

  • pdf (Arabic)

• Techno-Economic and Environmental Optimization of a Hybrid PV–Diesel–Battery System for the Faculty of Engineering in Sorman, Libya

  Khalid Mustafa Alrbaey, Mohammed Youssef Ahmed (Author)

  793-799

  • pdf

• A Multi-Tier Modular Architecture for Designing AI Curricula for Non-CS Majors: Integrating CS2023 Standards and Technical Governance Frameworks

  Fawzeyia Elhashmi Mohamad Salah, Nesrin Muftah Elrgibe (Author)

  960-972

  • pdf

• Comparative Analysis of 128-bit Key Loading Techniques for the A5/1 Stream Cipher: Statistical, Structural and Performance Evaluation

  Sarah Farag A. Hmeid, Fardous Mohamed A. Eljadi (Author)

  1177-1184

  • pdf

• The Impact of Strategic Thinking on Achieving Strategic Objectives: A Field Study of Leaders and Administrative Employees at the College of Tourism and Hospitality in Misrata.

  Eshtiwai Salem Eshtiwai Faed (Author)

  85-96

  • PDF (Arabic)

• The Problematic of Rebuilding the State in Libya after 2011: The Dialectic of Nation and State

  Kamal Mustafa EL Gamom (Author)

  292-309

  • pdf (Arabic)

• Model Predictive Control (MPC) for Minimizing Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) in Multilevel Inverters

  Esam Saeed Hamed Dryag (Author)

  537-548

  • pdf

• Strengthening Support Vector Machine Capability through Harris Hawks Optimization for Arabic Text Categorization

  Hosam Ali AlZawam, Tarik Milod Alarbi Ahmad (Author)

  675-685

  • pdf

• Classical versus Data-Driven Approximation of a Damped Oscillatory Function: Convergence Rates, Uniform Error, and Extrapolation Behaviour

  Marwa Abdulfattah Almabrouk (Author)

  910-923

  • pdf

• Antibacterial Activity of Ethanolic and Aqueous Leaf Extracts of Datura Against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus Using the Microtiter Plate Method

  Salem Emhemed Juwaid, Fathi Albadwi Hegaig, Salah omer Habberrih (Author)

  1089-1099

  • pdf

• The Impact of Adopting International Financial Reporting Standards (IAS/IFRS) on Mitigating Negative Curbing Accounting Practices An Exploratory Study of the Views of Faculty Members at Universities and Higher Institutes in Libya

  Noureddine Ali Salem (Author)

  257-276

  • pdf (Arabic)

• Determination of Total Mercury in Selected Seafood Samples Using Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (CVAAS)

  Omema Khalid Atia, Safa Abd Alwahhab Albakkoush (Author)

  470-488

  • pdf

• Psychological Pain in Chronic Diseases: A Comparative Study among Patients with Chronic Heart Failure, Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy, and Renal Failure Patients Undergoing Dialysis

  Asmahan Ahmed Mouni, Marwan Al-Tahir Abufila, Ibtisam Salem Al-Mazoughi (Author)

  821-840

  • pdf (Arabic)

• Isolation and identification of bacteria causing otitis media, and testing their susceptibility to certain types of antibiotics

  Alaqilh Alhamodi, Tahani Omar, Areej shnebesh (Author)

  1052-1059

  • pdf (Arabic)

• Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Moringa Leaf Extract and Evaluation of Their Efficiency in Removing Methylene Blue from an Aqueous Solution

  Wafiyah Hasan Aljadidi, Najat Mohammed Ali, Dania Alsadiq Naser Losta, Fatema Ali Felo (Author)

  1233-1247

  • pdf

• Persuasive Mechanisms of Rejection in the Poetry of Ali Al-Ruqai’i: A Pragmatic Study

  Ahmed Al-Mahdi Al-Mansouri (Author)

  154-164

  • PDF (Arabic)

• The Impact of Biophilic Design in Residential Interiors on Mental Health and Residential Satisfaction: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study in Tripoli, Libya

  Mousa Mohammed Al-Shaafi (Author)

  357-369

  • pdf (Arabic)

• Effect of Endocarp Removal on Breaking Dormancy and Germination of Bitter

  Naeima Ben Arous Al Shaibani (Author)

  609-618

  • pdf (Arabic)

• Leakage-Aware Multi-Class Email Classification Using Duplicate-Aware Evaluation and Automated Machine Learning

  Mohammed A Almjbry, Issa M Almagrhe (Author)

  761-777

  • pdf

• Adaptive Micro learning and Its Effect on Secondary-School Students’ Achievement A Quasi-Experimental Study in a Computer Science Course at Rabia Al-Adawiya Secondary School, Msallata, Libya

  مها الهادي محمود عطية, لطفي أحمد عبدالله عبدالصمد (Author)

  973-985

  • pdf (Arabic)

• The Expansion of Electronic Payments in Libya and the Opening of Banks to International Markets

  Jihan Ramadan Rajab Abu Khashim (Author)

  1153-1160

  • pdf (Arabic)

• A standard study of the impact of the exchange rate on the Libyan trade balance using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method during the period 1970-2024.

  Abdulrazzaq Mohammed Al-Talawi, Mustafa Hussein Al-Bawandi (Author)

  77-84

  • PDF (Arabic)

• From Microscopic Degradation to Grid Resilience: A Comprehensive Analysis of Surface Tracking Mechanisms and Predictive Mitigation in Polymeric Insulators

  Abdelati M. Taher Jermi (Author)

  317-332

  • pdf

• A Real-Time eBPF-Based Intrusion Detection Framework for Adaptive and Scalable Linux Kernel Security

  Maryam Alaa Zaki, Nuha Omran Abokhdair (Author)

  521-536

  • pdf

• Strategic Planning and The Administrative Decision-Making Process An Analytical Study in Light of Time Management and Motivation Approaches

  Fahmi Muftah Al-Hamali (Author)

  659-675

  • pdf (Arabic)

• Energy-Efficient Clustering and Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks Using Particle Swarm Optimization

  Basma Saleh Al-Arbah (Author)

  924-931

  • pdf

• أثر الهيكل المالي على ربحية المنظمة دراسة تطبيقية على القطاع المصرفي الليبي خلال الفترة 2020–2024

  موسى علي محمد ارحومه (Author)

  1112-1131

  • pdf (Arabic)

• Human Resources Management Practices and Their Relationship to Improving Employee Performance: A Field Study at Al-Qardah General Hospital

  Arrasheid Abduallah Alarrasheid (Author)

  28-53

  • PDF (Arabic)

• Household Solid Waste Burning in Residential Neighborhoods and Its Environmental Impacts from Residents’ Perspectives: A Field Study of Al-Masmari Planned Neighborhood in Al-Marj City

  Hamza Mahmoud saleh Balhamd (Author)

  277-291

  • pdf (Arabic)

• Application of the Transportation Model in Linear Programming to Reduce Ready-Mix Concrete Supply Costs in Construction Projects: A Case Study of Al-Maidan Mosque Project in Al-Zawiya City

  Akram Al-Jamaa, Jamila Al-Hadi Al-Hnaish, Mohamed Ali Qasouda (Author)

  489-499

  • pdf (Arabic)

• Impact of Moringa oleifera extracted and amino acid on growth and quality of olive tree (Olea europaea)

  Al Ziyituni, O. H (Author)

  841-859

  • pdf

• Road Boundary Extraction Based on Blue Color Segmentation of Digital Images

  Ahmed M. Goma (Author)

  1035-1042

  • pdf

• Evaluating the Effectiveness of Adaptive Shading Systems in Improving the Thermal and Visual Performance of Office Buildings in Hot-Arid Regions: A Critical Comparative Review with an In-Depth Analysis of the Libyan Environmental Context

  Maha Abdul Rahman Aqeel (Author)

  1248-1261

  • pdf (Arabic)

• A Comparative Machine Learning Algorithms for Integrated Structural Health Monitoring in Smart Infrastructure maintenance and predication

  Mohamed EL-sseid, Llahm Ben Dalla, Tasnem ELsseid, Mansour Essgaer, Abdulgader Alsharif, Fatma Mohammed Ali, Mohammed Alarafi, Asma Agaal, Ayyah Mustafa Salih (Author)

  165-182

  • PDF

• Transforming Poetry Instruction: Emerging Pedagogies and New Directions in Literary Education (2020–2026)

  Amna Mohammed Al Fallah Al Karmaji (Author)

  412-430

  • pdf

• Higher University and Technical Education in Libya and Labor Market Requirements

  Gamal Mosbah Hams, Ilham Abraheem.Meelad (Author)

  600-608

  • pdf (Arabic)

• A Comparative and Analytical Study of IoT Reference Architectures: Towards a Suitable Architectural Framework for Libyan Enterprises

  Salaheddin Omar Debbek, Abubaker Eseddig Elsebaie, Abdelrahman Guma Busneina (Author)

  778-792

  • pdf (Arabic)

• Automated Network Backup and Recovery Using a Safe-Set Baseline and Hash-Based Change Detection

  Hamida Algoula (Author)

  1025-1034

  • pdf

• Analysis of Seasonal and Annual Variations in Minimum Temperature at the Sabha Station (1984–2025)

  Amal Al-Bashir Mohammed Al-Maryami (Author)

  1143-1152

  • pdf (Arabic)

• Assessing Infrastructure and Human Capital Readiness for E-Commerce Digital Transformation: Evidence from Libyan Enterprises

  Fayek Bachir A. Elteer, Mohamed maawi k Mohamed, Amina Mohamed adiam Maresa (Author)

  97-106

  • PDF (Arabic)

• An Optimized Cascaded Cryptosystem Using AES-256 and SPECK-128

  K.M. El Hadad (Author)

  333-339

  • pdf

• Self Map: Self-Supervised Radio Mapping for Zero-Calibration Indoor Positioning

  Farhat M. A. Zargoun, Bayram A. Zarty, Fatma A. Munir (Author)

  581-591

  • pdf

• Reluctance of Basic Education Graduates to Pursue Technical Education: Causes and Challenges A Field Study in the City of Ajdabiya, Libya

  Salah Al-Saker Al-Zagheid (Author)

  686-712

  • pdf (Arabic)

• A Numerical Investigation of Spectral Stability and Eigenvalue Distribution in Non-Symmetric Random Matrices: A Pseudospectra Approach Using MATLAB

  Nahla Ayad Qaliya, Manal Ibrahim Al-Jarai, Ali Omar Al-Dali (Author)

  889-896

  • pdf (Arabic)

• Small and Medium-Sized Industrial Enterprises and Their Role in Strengthening Economic Securit

  د. محمد سليمان علي المعيوف (Author)

  1100-1111

  • pdf (Arabic)

• Theoretical Literature of Authentic Leadership

  Hatem S Ghujil (Author)

  20-27

  • PDF (Arabic)

• Full Fuzzy-Parameterized Fuzzy Soft Set: Theory and Applications

  Maruah Bashir Baesho (Author)

  217-225

  • pdf

• Mitigating the impact of increased loads on medium-voltage networks using Strategic PV Integration: Bir Al-Ghanam 30 kV as a case study

  Ramadan R. Ahmed, Ahmed A. Alhamruni, Abdul Majid M. Matouq (Author)

  500-508

  • pdf

• Electronic Banking Services and Their Impact on Performance: A Field Study at Jumhouria Bank, Al-Jumail Branch – Libya

  Tareq Alnnale (Author)

  631-648

  • pdf

• Digital-Twin-Oriented Surrogate Modelling of Architectural Identity and Thermal Performance in Benghazi A Semi-Physical, Evidence-Informed Framework for Multi-Objective Design-Space Exploration

  Eman Salem Elmathkour, Gebril Farag K. Ahmeida, Fouad Faraj Altrshani, Ibtisam Ali AbdalsalamAlsahati (Author)

  869-888

  • pdf

• The Cauchy Problem in  for the Logarithmic Schrödinger Equation

  DABAA Amna (Author)

  1043-1051

  • pdf

• Mathematical Analysis of a Nonlinear Oscillator with Cubic Velocity Damping: Equilibrium, Stability, and Phase Curves

  Fatima Al-Senussi Yasku (Author)

  1248-1260

  • PDF

• Exchange Rate Theories in Rentier Economies and Their Applicability to the Libyan Economy: A Critical Review Article

  Khadija Alafe Marseet (Author)

  183-201

  • PDF (Arabic)

• Cloud computing security: A systematic review of security threats, protection strategies, and future trends

  Ismail Abouiqasim omar Abumilyana, Mustafa Abdulhadi Ben Hmaida, Salem.S.M Klifa (Author)

  377-401

  • pdf

• Assessing Road Safety Priorities from the Perspective of Stakeholders and Specialists

  Rabia Almahdi Ali Khali, Ehab Ali S Eshtiwi, Abduraouf.B.Z.Awien (Author)

  1273-1282

  • PDF (Arabic)