Al-Farooq Journal of Sciences is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes original research in various fields of science and technology. The journal aims to promote scientific research and knowledge dissemination at the local and international levels It is a legally accredited journal, internationally recognized with the International Standard Serial Number ISSN 3135-2359.
Study of concrete joints (problems and methods of addressing them)
الفواصل الخرسانية هي عنصر أساسي في أي منشأ خرساني، حيث تُستخدم للتحكم في سلوك الخرسانة عند تعرضها لعوامل مختلفة مثل التغيرات الحرارية، الانكماش أثناء الجفاف، والأحمال المختلفة. بدون هذه الفواصل، تكون الخرسانة عرضة لظهور تشققات عشوائية قد تؤثر على متانة المنشأ ومظهره. تنقسم الفواصل الخرسانية إلى عدة أنواع رئيسية، لكل نوع وظيفة محددة. فواصل التمدد تُستخدم للسماح للخرسانة بالتمدد نتيجة ارتفاع درجات الحرارة، وتُملأ عادة بمواد مرنة تمتص الحركة. أما فواصل الانكماش فهي تُنفذ للتحكم في أماكن ظهور الشقوق الناتجة عن فقدان الرطوبة، بحيث تظهر الشروخ في مواقع محددة ومدروسة بدلًا من انتشارها بشكل عشوائي. فواصل الصب تُنشأ عند توقف عملية صب الخرسانة واستئنافها لاحقًا، ويتم اختيار مواقعها بعناية لضمان استمرارية القوة والترابط بين الأجزاء. بينما فواصل العزل تُستخدم لفصل العناصر الإنشائية عن بعضها للسماح لكل جزء بالحركة بشكل مستقل دون نقل الإجهادات. تكمن أهمية هذه الفواصل في تقليل التشققات، وتحسين الأداء الإنشائي، وزيادة عمر المنشأ، إضافة إلى تسهيل أعمال التنفيذ والصيانة. كما أنها تُستخدم في العديد من التطبيقات مثل الطرق الخرسانية، البلاطات الأرضية، الجسور، والمباني الكبيرة. أما من ناحية التنفيذ، فيجب تصميم الفواصل بعناية من حيث الموقع، العمق، والمسافة بينها، مع استخدام مواد مناسبة لملئها مثل المواد المرنة والمانعة لتسرب المياه، وذلك لضمان كفاءتها في أداء وظيفتها. بشكل عام، الفواصل الخرسانية ليست مجرد تفاصيل ثانوية، بل هي عنصر ضروري لضمان سلامة واستدامة أي منشأ خرساني.
The Role of Electronic Management Systems in Enhancing Institutional and Individual Performance: A Case Study of Al-Wahda Bank, Ajilat Branch
This study aimed to examine the level of electronic management implementation and its role in enhancing employees’ professional performance at Al-Wehda Bank – Ajilat branch. It also sought to identify statistically significant differences in professional performance attributed to gender and years of experience. The study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach, using a questionnaire as the main data collection tool, distributed to a sample of 60 employees. The results revealed that the level of electronic management implementation was high, and the level of professional performance among employees was also high. The findings indicated statistically significant differences in professional performance based on gender and years of experience, favoring males and more experienced employees. Furthermore, the study found a strong positive statistically significant correlation between electronic management implementation and professional performance. The study recommended enhancing technological infrastructure, strengthening training programs, providing continuous technical support, and adopting incentive policies to promote the use of electronic systems, thereby improving institutional performance in the banking sector.
Electronic Management, Professional Performance, Digital Transformation, Banking Sector, Al-Wehda Bank
مدى تطبيق نظام الموازنة على أساس الأنشطة (ABB) في المصارف وتأثيرها على الأداء المالي للمصارف التجارية في ليبيا (دراسة ميدانية بالمصارف التجارية بمدينة صرمان)
This study aimed to examine the extent of the application of Activity-Based Budgeting (ABB) in banks and its impact on the financial performance of commercial banks in Libya. The study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach, where a questionnaire was developed and distributed to a sample of employees in commercial banks. The study population consisted of department heads and managers directly related to the subject within commercial banks in the city of Sorman. A random sample of (40) individuals was selected, of which (29) valid questionnaires were returned for analysis, indicating a response rate of (73%), with some loss in distributed forms. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The study concluded that there is a deficiency in the application of Activity-Based Budgeting (ABB), reflected in the lack of flexibility in the organizational structure of banks to accommodate necessary adjustments during budget implementation. Additionally, senior management was found to be insufficiently supportive in facilitating the implementation of budgeting systems, and most accounting staff lacked adequate knowledge and awareness of ABB. The study proposed several recommendations, including restructuring banks’ organizational frameworks to enhance flexibility in implementing budgets, conducting training programs and workshops to improve awareness and understanding of ABB, and providing both financial and moral support from top management to ensure effective application of Activity-Based Budgeting.
Managerial Accounting – Activity-Based Budgeting (ABB) – Financial Performance of Banks
Evaluation of the Heavy Metal levels in Common Herbs and Spices Available on the Tripoli market by Atomic Absorption Spectrometer
Herbs and spives are sources of many bioactive compounds that can improve the taste of food well as affect the digestion metabolism. Along with that they may also contain some substances as pesticides, heavy metals and which have harmful effect on the body. In this work 14 of the most popularly spices and herb used in libya cuisine. were studied to determine Co, Cd, Pb, Zn, Se, Cu, As content in them. This was determied using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Metals were found to be present in varied concentrations in the samples ,The results were compered with the safety standards of World health organization (WHO) and the Food Agricultural organization (FAO). The average concentration of heavy metals as Cd detected ranged from 0.01 ppm – 1.04 ppm, Pb ranged from 0.59 – 4.63 ppm, Co in a range 0.05ppm – 0.2.20ppm, Zn ranged from 0.42ppm – 17.2ppm, concentration of Se was from 0.53ppm – 2.00ppm, Cu ranged from 2.02ppm – 14.3ppm, and As in a range 0.04ppm – 2.60 ppm The results obtained in this study indicate that spices and herbs used for food and meals seasoning may contain relatively high levels of toxic metals. therefore, like other food products they should be under continuous monitoring.
Heavy metals, Herbs, Spices, Atomic absorption.
Developing Traditional Public Revenues to Address the State Budget Deficit Libya as a Model
This research examines the development of traditional public revenues as a mechanism to address the budget deficit in the Libyan state during the transitional period since 2011. It highlights that the fiscal imbalance has resulted from a widening gap between rising public expenditures and declining public revenues, alongside a heavy dependence on oil revenues and their associated volatility, which negatively affects fiscal stability. The increase in public expenditure is attributed to the expansion of the state’s economic and social role, higher investment and public service spending, and increased security-related expenditures under unstable political conditions. Administrative factors also play a significant role, including financial corruption, an inflated public sector workforce, and weak public financial management. On the revenue side, the decline is linked to the rigidity of the tax system, widespread tax evasion, and the excessive use of tax exemptions, in addition to the rentier nature of the Libyan economy and its reliance on oil as the primary source of public revenue. The study further analyzes traditional financing instruments used to cover the budget deficit, dividing them into ordinary revenues such as taxes, fees, and state domain income, and extraordinary revenues such as public borrowing and monetary issuance. It also highlights the legal and economic implications of these instruments, particularly the inflationary effects of monetary expansion and the long-term fiscal burdens associated with public debt. The research concludes that addressing Libya’s budget deficit requires comprehensive fiscal reform, including modernization of the tax system, rationalization of public expenditure, and diversification of revenue sources, while reducing reliance on oil revenues and non-traditional financing methods to ensure fiscal stability and sustainable economic development.
The social identity of the Arab adolescent in the digital age: A study of the impact of interactive blogger content
This study aimed to analyze the impact of bloggers on the formation of social identity among adolescents in Arab society, focusing on the psychological and social aspects that influence adolescents' personal identity formation in light of their constant exposure to digital content The study examined how adolescents are influenced by the values and practices promoted by bloggers, such as aesthetic trends, cultural beliefs, and social concepts that may conflict with or align with the values of Arab society Theoretical models were also reviewed that explain how social media influences youth identities and how bloggers can serve as role models in building or destroying these identities The study focused on the importance of guiding adolescents toward the conscious and productive use of digital content
Bloggers-- Social identity - Teenagers - Arab society
This study aims to examine the features of political discourse in Libyan theatrical texts and performances through analyzing the artistic and intellectual structure of dramatic texts and their relation to the development of this discourse. It also investigates the extent to which Libyan theatre was influenced by political authority and historical conditions during the period (1966–1976), while identifying whether it functioned as a free means of expression reflecting social and political reality or as a tool directed by official cultural policies, in addition to revealing the artistic mechanisms used to convey political discourse. The significance of the study lies in its academic contribution to enriching critical studies of Arab and Libyan theatre by exploring the relationship between theatre and political discourse in an under-researched period, as well as in developing tools for analyzing theatrical discourse. Practically, it highlights the role of theatre as a medium for expressing political and social issues. The study addresses the problem of understanding the nature of political discourse in Libyan theatre and its capacity to express itself between guidance and freedom during the studied period, raising the question of how this discourse manifested and the roles it played. It adopts a descriptive-analytical methodology to analyze theatrical texts and performances within Libya during (1966–1976). The study concludes that political discourse is an inherent element in Libyan theatre, expressed in both direct and symbolic forms, and that the National Theatre played a key role in organizing theatrical activity. However, administrative constraints, censorship, and limited resources hindered its development. The study recommends supporting specialized research, archiving theatrical works, encouraging comparative studies, and re-examining them using modern analytical approaches.
political discourse; Libyan theatre; National Theatre; artistic analysis; political context; theatrical performances
The Impact of Cyber Extortion on the Mental Health of a Sample of Adolescent Girls in Tripoli
The aim of this study was to identify the phenomenon of cyber blackmail and its impact on the mental health of a sample of adolescent girls in the city of Tripoli, and to understand the types and methods of blackmail in Libyan society in order to mitigate the psychological effects suffered by many adolescent girls, such as anxiety, depression, and various other mental disorders. This research followed the descriptive-analytical approach. To achieve its objectives and answer its hypotheses, the researcher prepared a questionnaire to measure the prevalence of the cyber blackmail phenomenon and assess its impact on mental health. The questionnaire was administered to a sample consisting of (100) adolescent girls. The data obtained from them was then entered and statistically analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program. The study concluded with several results indicating a high level of psychological disorders resulting from the prevalence of cyber blackmail practiced against many girls, as it contributes significantly to increasing psychological problems such as anxiety and depression. Recommendations were proposed, including: providing confidential psychological counseling services for adolescent girls who are victims of blackmail, and incorporating the topic of cybersecurity into school curricula. Suggestions included: examining differences in mental health between adolescent girls exposed and not exposed to cyber blackmail in the city of Tripoli
الابتزاز، الابتزاز الإلكتروني، الصحة النفسية، المراهقة
أثر الإفراط في استخدام منصات التواصل الاجتماعي على العزلة الرقمية: دراسة سوسيولوجية ميدانية على طالبات كلية التربية العجيلات جامعة الزاوية"
This study aims to explore the relationship between excessive use of social media applications and digital social isolation. Through this general objective, the following sub-objectives will be identified: To determine the patterns of social media application use. To highlight the impact of digital social isolation on social relationships and real social interaction. To reveal the reasons behind excessive use of social media applications. This study falls under the category of descriptive-analytical studies. The sample consisted of female students from the College of Education in Az Zawiyah / University of Zawiya, selected randomly, totaling 134 students for the academic year 2024-2025. The study yielded several findings, most notably: Excessive use of social media contributes to a decline in direct interaction, enhances reliance on the digital environment, which leads to shallower and less impactful relationships, increases feelings of loneliness, reduces active social participation, and reinforces the idea that dependence on digital media may cause psychological and social harm, altering traditional relationship patterns. Weak direct interaction and increased reliance on virtual interaction lead to weaker social relationships. The study confirms that the digital interaction environment diminishes individuals' ability to build deep and mutual social meanings, which affects the quality and nature of social relationships.
digital social isolation, social media applications, excessive social media use
Agrippina the Younger: Between Ambition and political Conspiracies in Rome during the First Century AD
This study presents an analytical examination of "Agrippina the Younger" and her pivotal political roles in the history of the Roman Empire during the first century AD. The core problem of this study focuses on analyzing the mechanisms and strategies that enabled a woman in roman society to transcend traditional roles to reach the pinnacle of politidal power. Utilizing a descriptive and critical analytical methodology, the study examines classical sources while balancing them with modern scholarly perspectives. The findings of this study indicate that Agrippina's ambition was a reflection of Juio-Claudian dynasty, where she skillfully utilized family alliances as strategic tools, ultimately leading to a tragic confrontation that shifted the course of the Empire.
Agrippina the Younger , Roman Empire, Julio- Claudian Dynasty, political participation of women, Dynastic Alliances
Contemporary Visual Arts in the Digital Age: An Analytical Approach to the Interplay of Technology and Aesthetics
This research addresses contemporary visual arts in the context of digital transformation through analytical approach that explores the dialectical relationship between technology and aesthetics. It aims to examine how digital media and modern technologies have influenced the structure of the artwork in terms of both form and content as well as the nature of audience reception and interaction. The study highlights the shifts in aesthetic concepts resulting from. The integration of art and technology, leading the emergence of new artistic forms such as digital art and interactive art it also relies on the analysis of selected contemporary art works to demonstrate the dimensions of this dialectic, emphasizing the role of the audience as an active participant in meaning making within the digital artistic experience.
الفنون التشكيلية المعاصرة، التحول الرقمي، الفن الرقمي، الجماليات، الفن التفاعلي، التقنية، الوسائد المتعددة، التلقي الفني
Determinants of Libyan National Interests in Light of National Security Theory: A Study of Sovereign, Institutional, and Societal Dimensions
In light of the profound transformations taking place in the Libyan state, the issue of defining national interests has become one of the central concerns associated with state reconstruction and the achievement of stability. Within this context, this study seeks to approach Libyan national interests from the perspective of comprehensive national security. Thus, the core problem of the study revolves around the main question: What are the key determinants of Libyan national interests in light of national security theory? The study aims to identify the sovereign and geopolitical determinants of Libyan national interests, as well as to clarify the institutional, economic, and social determinants of these interests within the framework of comprehensive national security. It employs both descriptive and analytical methodologies to describe and analyze the theoretical concepts related to national security and national interests. The study concludes with significant findings, indicating that the Libyan situation illustrates the limitations of the traditional approach to national security, highlighting the necessity of adopting a comprehensive national security concept that integrates political, economic, and social dimensions.
Determinants, national interests, Libya, Theory, National Security.
The doctor-patient relationship, and the doctors commitment to informing the patient of the proposed treatment , are among the most important factors that contribute to maintaining trust in this relationship . This study is important because it demonstrates how the Libyan legislator deals with the obligation to inform the patient and the extent to which adequate protection is provided for the patient .
تبصير المريض - قانون المسؤولية الطبية -إعلام المريض. -الالتزام بالتبصير
Zihar (a form of divorce) and its negative effects on women, and the opinions of Islamic scholars on it
This study examines the ruling of Zihar (injurious assimilation of the wife to a prohibited relative) in Islamic Sharia and its subsequent negative impacts on women. Utilizing an inductive and analytical methodology, the research scrutinizes primary Sharia texts and the legal consequences arising from this practice. The study posits that Zihar is a form of spousal abuse; while it does not inherently constitute a formal dissolution of marriage (Firqah), it effectively suspends the marital rights in a manner akin to an irrevocable divorce (al-Baynunah) for the duration of the ruling's effect. This is because Zihar renders sexual intimacy (wat’) unlawful, prohibiting the husband from approaching his wife as long as the status of Zihar persists, mirroring the prohibition faced by a man regarding his irrevocably divorced wife. Furthermore, the study characterizes Zihar as an injurious oath that obstructs marital relations. In the pre-Islamic era, it was considered one of the most detrimental forms of separation; if a man grew to dislike his wife but wished to prevent her from marrying another, he would pronounce Zihar, leaving her "suspended"—neither enjoying the rights of a wife nor being free to marry elsewhere. With the advent of Islam, and in alignment with its universal principles of eradicating injustice and safeguarding women's interests, the legal framework of Zihar was reformed. Islam maintained the root of the prohibition but reclassified its legal effect as a temporary prohibition contingent upon expiation (Kaffarah), thereby ensuring that the marital bond remains intact while providing a mechanism to rectify the harm.
الوظفية الفنية والسمات الجمالية للاكسسوارات فى العمل السينمائى المعهد العالي لتقنيات الفنون/طرابلس
This research examines the artistic function and aesthetic features of accessories in cinematic works as an active visual element within the frame, not merely a supplementary component. The research stems from a problem related to the weak awareness of the function of accessories in some works, where they are sometimes used in a purely formal way that does not contribute to building dramatic meaning. The research aims to analyze the role of accessories in shaping visual meaning, revealing their relationship to the character and the narrative, in addition to clarifying the extent of their influence on directing the viewer's perception and forming the perceived image. The research adopted the descriptive analytical method by studying accessories within the system of cinematic composition, linking them to elements such as costumes, lighting, camera movement, and editing. The semiotic perspective was also employed in analyzing accessories as a visual sign carrying multiple levels of meaning, starting from direct meaning and extending to symbolism and suggestion. The study demonstrated that props can play a pivotal role in character development, revealing psychological and social dimensions, and can even become independent iconic elements contributing to meaning within the work. The findings also revealed that the significance of props is inseparable from the dramatic context, shaped by their relationship to other visual elements and by the viewer's perception of them both within and outside the frame. The study confirmed that the conscious use of props enhances the power of the cinematic image and contributes to visual cohesion, while their careless use weakens the artistic impact.
Cinematic props, visual significance, perceived image, cinematic composition
Investigating Educational Research in Libya
At an important time for Libyan education reform, there are relatively few publications providing the evidence-based research for informed decision-making. As countries across the Arab world seek to improve their knowledge-based economies, Libya faces increasing pressure to expand its education research in order to support schools and universities in delivering quality provision. Existing literature shows that research output in developing and post-conflict contexts is often uneven, and in Libya, where education reform is a clear priority, there is still limited understanding of the scale and focus of research activity in this field. This study addresses that gap through a bibliometric analysis of education-related research associated with Libya, providing insight into the current evidence base and its alignment with national needs. This paper examines the evidence-based research supporting the national education provision in Libya. Analysis of Libya-related publications over a five-year period identified 551 outputs associated with education-related keywords. However, a large proportion of these were classified within biomedical and health-related fields. When education-specific categories (‘Education’ and ‘Education Systems’) were isolated, approximately 206 publications were identified. This indicates that, although education is visible as a research theme, it is not consistently developed as a distinct field. In addition, when considered within the parameters of overall publication volume in Libya, the overall volume of education-focused research remains modest. This is particularly concerning in the Libyan context as it has clear implications for evidence-based decision-making and the long-term development of the education system.
Libya education, academic publications, evidence-based research
Media Economics and its Role in Sustainable Development: An Analytical Study of the Libyan Reality, Future Challenges, and Proposed Solutions
This study aimed to define media economics and its impact on social development in Libya, to reveal the true state of the Libyan economy and the most prominent future challenges facing media development within it, and to outline the role and procedures for achieving this development in the future through media promotion. The study reached a number of important conclusions, particularly regarding the role of Libyan media in promoting economic development. Financial, administrative, technical, and technological challenges continue to hinder development in the Libyan media economy, due to the overemphasis on economic and technological aspects, weak cooperation in the field, and the absence of specialized media outlets and media professionals with expertise in economic matters.
اقتصاد - الإعلام - التنمية المستدامة -ليبيا- التحديات المستقبلية
A study to evaluate the surveying performance of a GPS device versus a total station device.
This paper presents a comparative study between the Global Positioning System (GPS) and the Total Station in surveying (topography) work.The research evaluates both devices in terms of accuracy, efficiency, operating conditions, manpower requirements, and suitability for different environments. A practical field experiment was conducted by surveying the same area with both devices, followed by data analysis for coordinate accuracy and time efficiency. The results show that the RTK positioning system provides faster data collection and flexibility in open areas, while the total station provides higher accuracy. Especially in urban environments where line of sight is available, the study concluded that each system has distinct advantages depending on the survey conditions, and a hybrid approach using both devices can achieve optimal results in complex survey projects.
GPS . Total station , surveying , Accuracy , Operating conditions
Social Media and the Reproduction of Violence A Critical Reading in Light of Bourdieu's Theory of Symbolic Violence
This study aims to analyze the role of social media in reproducing symbolic violence through a critical sociological approach based on Pierre Bourdieu’s theoretical framework. The research adopts an analytical and critical methodology to examine digital space as a social field shaped by power relations and symbolic domination. The findings reveal that social media platforms significantly contribute to the reproduction of symbolic violence through various mechanisms, including digital discourse, user interaction, and algorithmic structures. Moreover, users themselves play a role in reinforcing this form of violence through their daily online practices. The study also highlights the psychological, social, and cultural impacts of symbolic violence in digital environments. It concludes by emphasizing the need for enhancing digital literacy, promoting critical awareness, and re-evaluating content regulation policies.
وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي، الفضاء الرقمي، الحقل الاجتماعي، الهيمنة الرمزية، الرأسمال الرمزي، الخوارزميات، التفاعل الرقمي، إعادة إنتاج العنف، الهوية الرقمية.
Traditional African Art in Sub-Saharan Africa
beyond aesthetic expression to include symbolic, functional, and social dimensions. It aims to analyze the formal and symbolic characteristics of this art within its historical and cultural contexts, focusing on key elements such as masks, sculptures, and materials used in artistic production. The research highlights the strong relationship between art, religious beliefs, and social rituals, emphasizing the collective and functional nature of artistic practices in traditional African societies. The study adopts a descriptive-analytical method supported by historical and anthropological approaches to interpret the deeper structure of African art and connect it to its socio-cultural context. It also discusses the impact of European colonialism and the interaction with modern global art on the transformation of this art’s functions and meanings. The study concludes that traditional African art represents a rich symbolic system reflecting the African worldview, demonstrating continuity and adaptability in the face of contemporary transformations.
Traditional African Art – Sub-Saharan Africa – Symbolism – African Masks – Sculpture – Ritual Function – Cultural Structure – Art and Identity – Art Anthropology
Foundations of Artificial Intelligence: Transitioning from Symbolic Reasoning to Data-Driven Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has undergone a remarkable transformation, evolving from symbolic reasoning systems to data-driven machine intelligence. Early AI systems relied on explicit rule-based knowledge representations that were transparent, logical, and interpretable. However, they lacked adaptability, scalability, and learning capability. The emergence of machine learning enabled AI systems to identify patterns from data and improve performance through experience rather than depending solely on expert-defined rules. This transition was further accelerated by artificial neural networks and deep learning, which leverage large-scale data and computational power to learn complex representations that often outperform manually engineered features. This paper presents a comparative analysis of the principal paradigms of artificial intelligence: Symbolic AI, Machine Learning, and Deep Learning, based on explain ability, scalability, data dependency, and suitability for real-world applications. In addition, a conceptual Hybrid AI framework is proposed to integrate reasoning and learning in a unified architecture that balances performance with interpretability. The study aims to support researchers and practitioners in selecting suitable AI paradigms for modern intelligent systems and highlights the growing importance of explainable, reliable, and human-centered AI.
Artificial Intelligence, Symbolic Reasoning, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Hybrid AI, Explainable AI
Growth performance and the impact of mimosine toxicity in sheep that were fed L. leucaena.
The purpose of the current research was to assess the effect of varying levels of L. leucocephala hay (L.H.) on the growth performance and to examine the effect of mimosineon lambs. Twenty growing crossbred (Chios x Ossimi) male lambs of 23.2±1.08 kg live body weight were distributed into four groups, each of 5 lambs. Each group was fed one of the experimental rations containing different proportions (0, 25, 50 and 75 LH) which replaced CFM for 90 days. Ground feds and feces were analysed for dry matter (DM), Crude Fibre (CF), Crude protein (CP), Ether Extract (EE) and ash. The previous traits , growth performance traits and T3 as well as T4 hormones were subjected to analysis of variance (CRD) and Duncan's test was used to detect differences between means. Results showed that the 25% LH diet exhibited highest DM value of 61.75, OM value of 62.96, and CP value of 65.79. In contrast, it had lowest digestibility of EEat 77.78 and CF digestibility at 42.61 when compared to other diets. For T3 and T4/T3 ratio diets showed a highly significant effect (P ≤ 0.01); however, this effect was not significant (P ≥ 0.05) for T4. final weight, total gain, daily gain, and feed conversion were significantly influenced by diet groups (P ≤ 0.05 or P ≤ 0.01). The control diet produced 41.64, 17.48, 194.24, and 6.11 , while the 25% LH produced the best results, 41.94, 17.88, 198.68, and 5.60. compared to other diet groups, respectively, in terms of final wt., total gain, daily gain, and feed conversion.The side effect of mimosine on wool was observed , when lambs fed 100% LH. According to the current study, adding 25% LH to the basal diet improved nutrient digestibility, daily gain, total gain, and feed conversion efficiency and is recommended.
leucocephala hay, mimosine, T3 hormone, digestibility coefficient, daily gain ,feed conversion
العوامل المؤثرة في التحصيل الدراسي لطلبة المعهد العالي للعلوم والتقنية-رقدالين
هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على العوامل المؤثرة في التحصيل الدراسي لدى طلبة المعهد العالي للعلوم والتقنية – رقدالين، وذلك من خلال الجمع بين المنهج الكمي والنوعي. بلغت عينة الدراسة (153) طالباً تم تحليل بياناتهم باستخدام الإحصاءات الوصفية والاختبارات الإحصائية، إضافة إلى مقابلات شبه موجهة مع (20) طالباً لتفسير أعمق للدراسة. أظهرت النتائج، أن العوامل الأكثر تأثيراً في التحصيل الدراسي تمثلت في: عبء المقررات الدراسية وإدارة الوقت، حيث شكلا التحدي الأكبر أمام الطلبة. بالمقابل، بينت النتائج أن العوامل مثل التفاعل والانضباط، التقييم والامتحانات، حظيت بتقييم إيجابي من قبل الطلبة، ومع ذلك، أتضح أن أساليب التدريس والتوجه الأكاديمي لها دور مهم، لكن بدرجة أقل مقارنة بالعوامل الرئيسة.
الشفافية الإدارية وأثرها على التميز التنظيمي دراسة ميدانية على موظفي وزارة التخطيط طرابلس
This research addressed the topic of administrative transparency and its impact on organizational excellence within the Ministry of Planning in Tripoli. This research surveyed employees' opinions on transparency practices in the workplace. The researcher focused on three main dimensions of transparency: the administrative status of procedures and processes, empowering employees to make decisions, and oversight by and for all. The aim was to measure their relationship and impact on achieving organizational excellence. The researcher adopted a descriptive analytical approach and used a questionnaire as the primary tool to collect data from a stratified random sample of ministry employees, spanning various departments and job levels. The results indicated that the level of transparency within the ministry is high, and that employees have a positive perception of the level of organizational excellence, particularly with regard to leadership support and the recruitment of competent personnel. The results of the statistical analysis showed a strong and significant correlation between transparency and organizational excellence, with the overall correlation coefficient reaching (0.859) at a significance level of (0.01). The most influential dimension of transparency on excellence was found to be "oversight by and for everyone," followed by "employee empowerment," while the effect of "administrative status of procedures" was not statistically significant. The transparency model also explains a significant proportion (82.3%) of changes in organizational excellence. The researcher recommended several practical measures to enhance transparency, such as promoting a culture of mutual oversight, empowering employees, reviewing administrative procedures, developing feedback mechanisms, and launching transparent electronic platforms. He also called for designing an internal transparency model, establishing an institutional excellence unit, and linking incentives and promotions to transparency practices. This research forms the basis for developing public administration practices and raising the level of performance in Libyan government institutions.
Administrative transparency, organizational excellence, employees, Ministry of Planning, Tripoli.
أثر التسويق القائم على البيانات على جذب العملاء الجدد لمصرف شمال أفريقيا - فرع صبراته
This research aims to study data-driven marketing at the North Africa Bank - Sabratha branch, examining customer awareness of this concept and its impact on their banking decisions. It also evaluates their use of personalized offers based on data analysis and the effectiveness of digital marketing campaigns in attracting customers. A descriptive analytical approach was used in this study, and data was collected through a questionnaire distributed to a random sample of 63 customers. The results showed that 85.7% of customers had heard of data-driven marketing, indicating a good prevalence of this concept among customers. It also showed that 95.2% of customers use the bank's services regularly, reflecting a high level of trust and reliability in the bank. The results also showed that 81.0% of customers believe that data-driven marketing directly impacts their financial decisions. Meanwhile, 66.7% of customers benefited from personalized offers based on data, highlighting the effectiveness of these campaigns. 71.4% of customers also reported that data-driven marketing contributed to attracting new customers to the bank. 57.1% of customers believe that the bank respects their data privacy, indicating a need to improve data protection policies and build greater trust. The results also showed that 66.7% of customers believe that digital marketing campaigns are effective. Based on these findings, several recommendations were made, such as organizing workshops to introduce customers to the concept of data-driven marketing, using artificial intelligence tools to personalize offers and services, improving data protection, and developing digital applications to support marketing campaigns. Additionally, it was suggested that similar studies be conducted in other branches and that the research be expanded to include the relationship between data-driven marketing and customer loyalty, as well as the impact of trust in the bank on the effectiveness of marketing campaigns.
Marketing impact, data, new customers, North Africa Bank, Sabratha branch
البصمة الوراثية ودورها في تحقيق الاثبات الجنائي وتحديد النسب
The research aims to know the role of genetic fingerprinting in achieving criminal evidence and determining lineage. The research also aims to identify the subject of genetic fingerprinting and the extent of its legitimacy in criminal evidence and in proving and denying lineage, and to research its importance and legal, jurisprudential and social status, while defining and focusing on it. Due to the specificity and importance of the topic, and in an attempt to cover the subject, the researcher relied on the descriptive approach, in our awareness of the benefit we reap from the research as it allows us to know the most important legal legislations and social interpretations in various countries on the one hand and the position of Islamic jurisprudence on the other hand, in addition to identifying the most important differences and shortcomings in some of them. The researcher reached the following results and recommendations: 1- - The genetic fingerprint is the detailed genetic structure that indicates the identity of each individual in a way, DNA, and determines his health nature by genetic analysis of a part of the DNA with almost certainty, and it is a method that is almost infallible from a scientific point of view, and it is based in proof on a scientific fact, which means that each person has a specific geological or genetic imprint that he takes from his parents equally at the moment of fertilization and grants him independence with a genetic system that distinguishes him from others, even if thousands of years have passed. 2- The genetic fingerprint system is a unique system that distinguishes each individual from others. This system is constant and unchanging throughout life, even after death. It can be extracted from cells that have been in existence for several years. It is also characterized by its diverse sources and lack of variation from one cell to another. 3- 3 - The research concluded that genetic fingerprints, by their inherent nature, are considered by individuals to be genetic material present in their parts and extremities. They are considered to be the same as their owners in terms of sanctity and dignity, and impose penalties on anyone who violates them. 4- Genetic fingerprinting, from a descriptive perspective in positive law and Islamic jurisprudence, is considered to be actual evidence or what is called scientific material evidence and is given its ruling and status. This is permitted by Sharia and legal scholars. 5- Sharia and law stipulate that proof of disputed lineage may be established by genetic fingerprinting based on similarity, and they have made it a legal basis for establishing rulings. This is consistent with legal scholars who have concluded that it is permissible to establish lineage by genetic fingerprinting. 6- The research also concluded that Islamic jurisprudence and positive law do not permit resorting to using genetic fingerprints in relation to lineage except in the case of a dispute over it, in order to preserve the stability of society and avoid causing social upheavals in it. For this reason, we find that Sharia law prohibits the use of genetic fingerprints in relation to lineage established by marriage bed, by evidence, or by acknowledgment, and it is not permissible for it to take precedence over them in this case under any circumstances. 7- Islamic law does not permit the submission of genetic fingerprints in lien or to replace them except in the absence of evidence. The genetic fingerprint is evidence, and therefore, one does not resort to the curse when it is present. However, it is permissible to take the genetic fingerprints into account in denying lineage, but without dispensing with the curse, because there are matters in the curse that can only be achieved through it. 8- There is no explicit text in either the Quran or the Sunnah prohibiting the use of scientific evidence or DNA fingerprinting. Therefore, they are considered conclusive evidence in criminal cases and in denying paternity when legal means of proving or denying paternity are ineffective. The researcher recommends the following: 1 - We recommend that the Libyan legislator rely on Islamic law in formulating family laws because this law truly deserves to be a strong source of legislation for all Arab and Islamic countries, and not to resort to it unless a set of conditions and controls are met, including: not using genetic fingerprinting as an alternative to legitimate means to prove or deny lineage unless legitimate means of proving or denying it are absent, not using genetic fingerprinting to confirm a fixed lineage, not conducting analyses except with the permission or supervision of the competent official authorities, and the availability of all relevant banking and laboratory guarantees so that the results are accurate and certain while observing their complete confidentiality. We note that Sharia aims to prove lineage and affiliate individuals with their families to preserve honor, protect oneself, and maintain lineage, and this is a great goal. Therefore, we recommend not using genetic fingerprinting except in the absence of the bed, evidence, or acknowledgment. If any of these methods are found, then genetic fingerprinting is not strong enough to oppose them. The truth is that Sharia has limited the denial of lineage to one way, which is cursing. It is not permissible for genetic fingerprinting to be equal to it, but it can be used to reduce cases of cursing. The husband who requested cursing can conduct the analysis before cursing. If the result is that the child is his son, this is a strong indication that may push the husband to abandon cursing. The researcher also recommends that the Libyan legislator start working with the genetic fingerprinting system in Libya, and that the Arab and Islamic legislator include in the criminal laws and personal status laws legal articles and texts that allow resorting to genetic fingerprinting to resolve disputes in lineage cases, while preventing its use in the field of established lineage and not presenting it before cursing, and preventing the use of genetic fingerprinting in the field of borders and Retribution, because the results of genetic fingerprinting, no matter how accurate they are, there is room for error in them, such as contamination of samples or the presence of an error in the analysis methods, and calling on Arab countries to give great attention to forensic medicine centers and to introduce modern and advanced technologies to the methods of working with genetic fingerprinting so that these centers can carry out their work in the best possible way.
أثر تعليم ريادة الأعمال في توجه الطلبة نحو تأسيس المشاريع الصغيرة في ليبيا "دراسة ميدانية على الطلبة الدارسين بالمعاهد التقنية العليا بمنطقة الساحل الغربي"
This study aimed to explore the impact of entrepreneurship education on students’ orientation toward establishing small businesses in Libya. The research was conducted on a sample of 143 students from higher technical institutes in the Western Coastal region. Data were collected and analyzed using SPSS software. The findings revealed a statistically significant relationship between entrepreneurship education and students’ inclination to start their own businesses, highlighting the crucial role of such education in fostering entrepreneurial thinking. The study also demonstrated that the quality of educational content and teaching methods plays a key role in reinforcing this orientation. Conversely, institutional support and entrepreneurial incentives within the educational institutions studied had a less pronounced impact. The study underscores the importance of strengthening entrepreneurship education programs to encourage students to pursue small and medium-sized business ventures, thereby contributing to national economic development and addressing the challenges of unemployment in Libya.
ريادة الأعمال، تعليم ريادة الأعمال، المشاريع الصغيرة و المتوسطة، المعاهد التقنية العليا.
"التنوع البيولوجي والأنواع المهددة بالانقراض في العالم العربي والعالم دراسة جغرافية
This research examines the reality of biodiversity in Arab countries compared to the rest of the world, with a focus on endangered species. It also reviews the environmental challenges facing wildlife in light of climate change and increasing human activities. The research relies on a descriptive analytical approach to document and analyze environmental data related to threatened species in Arab countries, as well as to study the effectiveness of nature and marine reserves in reducing biodiversity loss. The research highlights the significant disparity between Arab countries and the world in the allocation of environmental reserves. The effectiveness of reserves varies from one country to another, and some Arab countries demonstrate a lack of integrated environmental efforts despite the efforts made. The research also highlights the differences between different species groups in terms of extinction threats, emphasizing reptiles and amphibians as the most vulnerable due to weak environmental protection in their natural habitats. It also reviews the evolution of trends in biodiversity protection globally and locally, highlighting the progress achieved despite ongoing challenges. The research recommends increasing the percentage of protected lands and marine areas, enhancing regional and international cooperation in the management of reserves, and expanding the scope of protection to include coral reefs and marine nature areas. It also proposes improving the use of technology in monitoring reserves and strengthening the role of local communities in managing nature reserves. The goal of these recommendations is to enhance the effectiveness of environmental protection efforts, achieve sustainable biodiversity in Arab countries, and ensure effective responses to environmental challenges that threaten wildlife and plant life
Biodiversity, threatened ,species, extinction.
EFL Pre-Service Teachers’ Attitudes Towards Using AI Applications
The discipline of artificial intelligence in education (AIED) has advanced significantly over the past few decades, and educators from many aspects of life are now interested in it because of its most recent affordances. Language learning is one of the many educational contexts and areas where diverse artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are increasingly being used to achieve various learning objectives. However, this intense and quick rise has caused some doubts regarding the teachers' ability to successfully integrate AI tools into their language sessions. To clarify some of the ambiguities surrounding this topic, this study examines the attitudes and viewpoints of English teachers. The case study design was used in this study to ascertain the general opinions of English teachers regarding artificial intelligence. The results of the study showed that, although they have certain concerns, teachers are generally positive about the acceptability and adoption of AI applications in language training and think that their use could aid in language acquisition.
Artificial Intelligence (AI), English Language Teaching (ELT), EFL Teachers’ Attitudes
Environmental Pollution Assessment of Some Heavy Metals in the Western Coast of Tripoli, Libya
In this study, heavy metal concentrations were measured in sediments of the western coast of Tripoli, Libya, during the year (2024). Sediments (<63 mm) collected from (10) sites representing the study area were examined and analyzed using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The concentrations of the studied heavy metals in the samples ranged in (micrograms per gram) as follows: iron (202.42-347.21), cadmium (0.219-1.41), copper (9.183-69.64), lead (0.61-6.63), manganese (34.14-108.34), and zinc (7.87-42.11). The enrichment factor (EF) index was used to determine the level of sediment contamination in the study area. The results showed a clear variation in contamination levels. Station 8 recorded the highest enrichment factor values, particularly for cadmium (14.1) and copper (6.96), indicating a strong source of pollution associated with marine and industrial activities. Station 1 recorded much lower levels, with an enrichment factor of 1.14 for copper and 5.57 for cadmium, reflecting a lesser influence from human activities. Results of the geological accumulation index (Igeo) calculations for the samples showed that iron (Fe) was the most contaminated element (highly contaminated), followed by cadmium (Cd) (moderately contaminated in some locations). For copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn), sample S8 recorded moderate contamination, while the remaining samples remained uncontaminated. Lead (Pb) and manganese (Mn) showed no contamination. These results indicate that human activity, particularly industrial and marine, has increased iron and cadmium levels, while the remaining elements remained within normal values. Pollution load index (PLI) values indicate the variability in contamination levels across the studied stations. Most stations (1, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 10) showed values less than 1, indicating no significant metal contamination. Stations 2, 7, and 9 recorded values ranging from 0.59 to 1.04, indicating low to moderate contamination. Station 8 was the most polluted, recording the highest value (1.28) due to heavy marine activity. The results indicate the impact of human activities on marine sediment quality, with areas near ports and industrial facilities experiencing higher contamination levels.
(Heavy metals)Sediment contamination , Tripoli, Libya