Determination of elements in Marrubium vulgare L and Brassica oleracea L
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65405/qr0pbh80الكلمات المفتاحية:
minerals, herbs, elements, digestion, water extractالملخص
The concentration of minerals for two herbal Libyan plants, Marrubium vulgare L and Brassica oleracea L have been determined utilizing four digestion methods to prepare plants samples. These elements include Ca, Mg, K, Na, P, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb and Cd which are detected by flame atomic absorption spectrometry and flame photometer. Regardless of the digestion methods, Ca, K, Mg, Na, and Fe as macronutrients are found to be in the highest level in these herbals. The concentration of the micronutrient Ni has the highest concentration followed by Zn and Mn. While, Co and Li were found to be at a low concentration. Pb as a toxic element was found in a relatively moderate level. moreover, the microminerals Cr, Co and the toxic element, Cd, were under a detection limit. Statistical (PCA, PLS-DA HCA and Boxplot) results reveal the significant variation between extraction method and other digestion methods. These differences could relate to the ability of water extracting only soluble salts. In the meantime, (HNO3/HClO4) digestion method has the superiority over other digestion methods. The boxplot results also reveal the significant variance according to the mineral composition. For example, these herbals have a significant variance in the levels of Ca, K, Fe, Pb and Ni. While there are small significant differences between these herbals in terms of Zn and K.
التنزيلات
المراجع
1. Dagnew, N., Kassa, A., Mohammed, S., Ejigu, A., Guadie, A., Wubet, W., Masresha, G., Tefera, M.J.J.o.H., Spices, and Plants, M., Evaluation of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of heavy metals in selected medicinal plants. 2024. 30(2): p. 157-171.
2. Ouheda, S.A., Takteek, T.M., Gharghar, F.J.A.J.o.A.P., and Sciences, A., Elemental Analysis of Some Libyan Medicinal Plants Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy. 2025: p. 778-787.
3. Ouheda, S.A., Takteek, T.M., and Abushhewa, S.M.J.م.ا.ا., Determination of elements in Salvia officinalis and Polygonum equisetiforme. 2025. 10(38): p. 716-725.
4. Ouheda, S.A., Takteek, T.M., Abushhewa, S.M., and Gharghar, F.J.م.ا.ا., The statistical evaluation of digestion methods for Myrtus Communis and Peganum Harmala. 2025. 9(36): p. 1873-1882.
5. Vaou, N., Stavropoulou, E., Voidarou, C., Tsigalou, C., and Bezirtzoglou, E., Towards Advances in Medicinal Plant Antimicrobial Activity: A Review Study on Challenges and Future Perspectives. 2021. 9(10): p. 2041.
6. Organization, W.H., The WHO strategy for traditional medicine: Review of the global situation and strategy implementation in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. 2002.
7. Anal, J.M.H. and Chase, P.J.E.e.r., Trace elements analysis in some medicinal plants using graphite furnace-atomic absorption spectroscopy. 2016. 21(3): p. 247-255.
8. Farnsworth, N.R., Akerele, O., Bingel, A.S., Soejarto, D.D., and Guo, Z.J.B.o.t.w.h.o., Medicinal plants in therapy. 1985. 63(6): p. 965.
9. Ajasa, A.M.O., Bello, M.O., Ibrahim, A.O., Ogunwande, I.A., and Olawore, N.O., Heavy trace metals and macronutrients status in herbal plants of Nigeria. Food Chemistry, 2004. 85(1): p. 67-71.
10. Elekes, C.C., Dumitriu, I., Busuioc, G., Iliescu, N.S.J.E.S., and Research, P., The appreciation of mineral element accumulation level in some herbaceous plants species by ICP–AES method. 2010. 17: p. 1230-1236.
11. Sarma, H., Deka, S., Deka, H., Saikia, R.R.J.R.o.e.c., and toxicology, Accumulation of heavy metals in selected medicinal plants. 2011: p. 63-86.
12. Ražić, S., Onjia, A., Đogo, S., Slavković, L., and Popović, A.J.T., Determination of metal content in some herbal drugs—Empirical and chemometric approach. 2005. 67(1): p. 233-239.
13. Majolagbe, A., Kuteyi, V., Onwordi, C., and Yusuf, K.J.J.o.E., Concentration and bioavailability of iron in some selected blood-building medicinal plants in southwest Nigeria. 2013. 2(1): p. 19-24.
14. Subramanian, R., Gayathri, S., Rathnavel, C., and Raj, V.J.A.p.j.o.t.b., Analysis of mineral and heavy metals in some medicinal plants collected from local market. 2012. 2(1): p. S74-S78.
15. Serfor-Armah, Y., Nyarko, B., Akaho, E., Kyere, A., Osae, S., Oppong-Boachie, K., Osae, E.J.J.o.R., and Chemistry, N., Activation analysis of some essential elements in five medicinal plants used in Ghana. 2001. 250(1): p. 173-176.
16. Gomez, M.a.R., Cerutti, S., Olsina, R.A., Silva, M.a.F., Martı́nez, L.D.J.J.o.P., and Analysis, B., Metal content monitoring in Hypericum perforatum pharmaceutical derivatives by atomic absorption and emission spectrometry. 2004. 34(3): p. 569-576.
17. Ražić, S., Onjia, A., Potkonjak, B.J.J.o.P., and Analysis, B., Trace elements analysis of Echinacea purpurea—herbal medicinal. 2003. 33(4): p. 845-850.
18. Sahito, S., MEMON, A., KAZI, T., KAZI, G., PIRZADO, Z., and SHAR, G.J.J.o.T.C.S.o.P., Comparison of Wet Ashing Methods for Medicinal Plants, Celosia argentea and Cubeba officinalis by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. 2011. 26(4): p. 135.
19. Ferreira, L.D.S., Lopes, R.P., Ulbrich, M.N.C., Guaratini, T., Colepicolo, P., Lopes, N.P., Garla, R.C., Oliveira Filho, E.C., Pohlit, A.M., and Zucchi, O.L.A.D., Research Article Concentration of Inorganic Elements Content in Benthic Seaweeds of Fernando de Noronha Archipelago by Synchrotron Radiation Total Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis (SRTXRF). 2012.
20. Ouheda, S. A., Takteek, T. M., & Abushhewa, S. M. (2025). Determination of elements in Salvia officinalis and Polygonum equisetiforme. مجلة العلوم الشاملة, 10(38), 716-725.
21. Albakkoush, S. A. A. E. (2026). Determination of Lead Content in Gasoline Samples Using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS). مجلة العلوم الشاملة, 10(ملحق 39), 866-870.
22. Shaltami, O. R., Hkoma, M. A. B., Mohammed, F. K., Almahdi, K. A., & Algomati, A. E. (2026). Employing soil geochemistry to promote sustainable development: A case study of the Wadi Al Khali and Wadi Al Hamim areas, NE Libya. مجلة العلوم الشاملة, 10(40), 101-122.
