Graph-Theoretic Invariants and the Normal Subgroup Structure of Automorphism Groups A Unified Treatment of Spectral, Chromatic, and Topological Perspectives Mathematics Subject Classification (2020): 05C25, 05C50, 05E18, 20B25, 20E15. Al-Farooq Journal of Sciences, [S. l.], v. 2, n. ملحق 3, p. 78–91, 2026. DOI: 10.65405/yd8waq52. Disponível em: https://afjs.histr.edu.ly/index.php/afjs/article/view/499. Acesso em: 16 jul. 2026.