Graph-Theoretic Invariants and the Normal Subgroup Structure of Automorphism Groups A Unified Treatment of Spectral, Chromatic, and Topological Perspectives Mathematics Subject Classification (2020): 05C25, 05C50, 05E18, 20B25, 20E15. Al-FJS. 2026;2(ملحق 3):78-91. doi:10.65405/yd8waq52