2026. Graph-Theoretic Invariants and the Normal Subgroup Structure of Automorphism Groups A Unified Treatment of Spectral, Chromatic, and Topological Perspectives Mathematics Subject Classification (2020): 05C25, 05C50, 05E18, 20B25, 20E15. Al-Farooq Journal of Sciences. 2, ملحق 3 (Jul. 2026), 78–91. DOI:https://doi.org/10.65405/yd8waq52.